Module 4 – (Fall semester) Jan. 6 - Jan. 31,  2025

Restoration Treatments of Text, Block II (Machine-Made Paper)

Module 4

Workshop, 100 hours

Restoration of Paper in Books

Instructor:

1)     Analyzing and evaluating text blocks

  • Paper, inks, stitching, glues

2)     Dismantling text blocks

  • Dismantling and recomposing. Approaches and issues

3)     Treatments

  • Dry cleaning

  • Wet cleaning

  • Solvents, washing

  • De-acidification - Methods and materials

  • Selection of the materials (Japanese paper, Korean paper, Chinese paper, etc.)

  • Adhesives

4)     Consolidation – Methods, Lining

Start of the Student restoration project

Each student will start an individual restoration project that will be completed at the end of the course. Students will choose two books (17th - 18th century bound book, 19th - 20th century book with case binding)

  • Book restoration project

  • Documentation

  • Analyzing and testing

  • Setting a restoration plan

 

Field trips

Visit two book restoration laboratories

Module 4

Theory class 1, 24 hours

Types and Features of Modern Machine-Made Paper

Instructor:

1) Machine-made paper

  • Historic overview of industrialization of paper making

Technological evolution

Machinery

  • Identification, (Herzberg test)

  • Raw materials (wood, straw, esparto, etc.)

  • Sizing (rosin, alum, etc.)

  • Features, issues

2) Manufacturing process, issues

  • Mechanical wood pulp

Newsprint

  • Chemical  or semi-chemical pulping

Sulfurous acid, calcium bisulfite

Kraft paper

3) Process of sizing (historical elements)

4) Coated papers

  • High-quality print paper (whiteness, gloss)

  • Coating materials (kaolin, calcium carbonate, bentonite, talc, organic, plastic, wax coatings, etc.)

  • Process of coating (historical elements)

5) Special feature paper

  • Office paper

    Bond, inkjet paper, copy paper, thermal papers

  •  Acid free papers (archival or museum grade)

    From wood pulp buffered, cotton fiber

  • Photographic papers

    B&W emulsions, color emulsion, Polaroids, dye transfer

  • Architectural paper and other media

    Tracing paper (translucent), yellow trace, drafting linens, blueprints (cyanotypes), whiteprints (diazo prints), sepias

6) American paper production

Module 4

Theory class 2, 24 hours

Chemistry of Modern Papers

Instructor:

1)  Chemical and Physical Features of Modern Papers

  • Kraft paper

  • Newsprint

  • Office paper

    Bond paper

    Inkjet paper

    Copy paper

    Thermal papers

  • High-quality print paper (whiteness, gloss)

  • Acid free papers

  • Cotton rag

  • Archival - Museum board

  • Cardboards

2)  Chemical features of coatings

  • Sizing

  • Clay coatings

  • Photosensitive coatings

  • Plastic and resin coatings

  • Wax coatings

3)  Chemical aspects of machine-made paper deterioration   

4)  Restoration treatments for machine-made paper     

  • Deacidification - small scale, large scale

  • Consolidation

  • Cleaning

 5)  Restoration materials, chemical features

  • Japanese paper

  • Korean paper

  • Chinese paper